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Science
Bone support

This is where we unpack the science behind that idea. No marketing claims, no oversimplified cause-and-effect. Just a closer look at how nutrition, systemic health and periodontal biology intersect, and what that means for predictable clinical outcomes. Written for clinicians who want the evidence, not just the summary.

The Science

Bone Support

Explore the scientific rationale, mechanisms and evidence behind the Bone Support formulation, from collagen matrix formation and mineralisation to calcium and vitamin D metabolism, bone remodelling and implant osseointegration.

Clinically Developed

Bone Support was developed to bring targeted nutritional support into the wider context of implant and regenerative care. The formulation reflects the biology of bone healing: first build the organic matrix, then mineralise it, while supporting the cellular, vascular and metabolic processes required for regeneration. Built from clinical experience and nutritional science, the protocol was designed to be both biologically relevant and practical for everyday implant and regenerative treatment.

01

Provides the building blocks for the collagen framework on which new bone is formed.

02

Supports osteoblast activity and physiological bone mineralisation.

03

Provides key cofactors required for collagen maturation, calcium metabolism and bone remodelling.

04

Supports the vascular and cellular environment required for bone regeneration.

Active ingredients
per daily dose

Hover (or tap) any nutrient for more on its role in bone healing.

Structural Matrix Support

Collagen i

Why it’s included

Type I collagen forms the organic scaffold of bone on which mineral deposition and new bone formation take place.

Evidence

In a randomized double-blind trial, 5 g/day specific collagen peptides for 12 months significantly increased lumbar-spine and femoral-neck BMD versus placebo in postmenopausal women.

König et al., Nutrients, 2018 · DOI

 5.0 g
Silicon i

Why it’s included

Silicon supports collagen synthesis and extracellular-matrix formation — essential steps before mineralization of newly formed bone.

Evidence

In osteopenic women receiving calcium and vitamin D, choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid increased the bone-formation marker PINP, supporting enhanced type-I collagen formation.

Spector et al., BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2008 · DOI

 25 mg
Vitamin C i

Why it’s included

Vitamin C is indispensable for type-I collagen synthesis and maturation — a fundamental step in wound healing and the formation of new bone matrix.

Dental implant & GBR evidence

In a clinical study of patients undergoing dental implant surgery, vitamin C supplementation significantly improved early postoperative wound healing, including in patients treated with GBR bone grafting.

Li et al., Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 2018 · DOI

 600 mg
MSM i

Why it’s included

MSM provides organic sulphur and has demonstrated osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental bone models.

Oral-bone evidence

MSM stimulated osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal-ligament stem cells, increasing osteogenic pathways and mineralization. Even more relevant to oral bone, systemic MSM administration in aged mice increased mandibular alveolar bone density, providing direct preclinical evidence in the alveolar skeleton.

Aljohani et al., Frontiers in Physiology, 2021 · DOI
Kim et al., Molecular Medicine Reports, 2016 · DOI

 1.0 g

Mineralisation & Bone Metabolism

Calcium i

Why it’s included

Calcium is the principal mineral component of hydroxyapatite — the mineral phase that gives newly formed bone its rigidity.

Evidence

Systematic review and meta-analysis shows that increased calcium intake produces small but significant increases in BMD at the spine, hip and femoral neck. Calcium has also been incorporated into nutritional protocols investigated during immediate dental implant healing, although its individual contribution cannot be separated from the accompanying nutrients and therapies.

Tai et al., BMJ, 2015 · DOI
Mikhail et al., Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018 · DOI

 375 mg
Magnesium i

Why it’s included

Magnesium participates in hydroxyapatite formation, vitamin-D metabolism and osteoblast function and is an important component of the bone mineral matrix.

Implant evidence

In a randomized controlled clinical trial following immediate dental implant placement, oral magnesium citrate supplementation produced higher implant stability and greater peri-implant radiodensity and reduced horizontal and vertical peri-implant bone-gap dimensions.

Rajanna et al., International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 2024/2025 · DOI

 300 mg
Vitamin D i

Why it’s included

Vitamin D plays a central role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, supports normal bone mineralisation and influences osteoblast function and bone remodelling.

Evidence

Vitamin D status has increasingly been investigated in relation to dental implant osseointegration. Experimental studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency can impair new bone formation and bone-to-implant contact, while vitamin D supplementation has shown beneficial effects on peri-implant bone formation in several animal models. Systematic reviews suggest that low vitamin D status may be associated with impaired osseointegration or a greater risk of early implant failure. More recent randomized clinical research has also investigated vitamin D supplementation during dental implant healing, further supporting its relevance as a nutritional factor in the peri-implant healing environment.

Werny et al., 2022 · DOI
Buzatu et al., 2024 · DOI
Singh et al., 2025 · DOI

 50 µg
Vitamin K2 i

Why it’s included

Vitamin K2 activates osteocalcin, enabling calcium binding and incorporation into newly forming bone.

Evidence

Meta-analysis of randomized trials indicates that vitamin K2 supplementation can improve lumbar-spine BMD and osteocalcin carboxylation, particularly in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Interestingly, recent implant-focused laboratory research on titanium surfaces also found that vitamin K2 enhanced osteogenic differentiation.

Ma et al., Frontiers in Public Health, 2022 · DOI

 120 µg
Zinc i

Why it’s included

Zinc supports osteoblast differentiation, alkaline-phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis and matrix mineralization.

Evidence

Human research supports an association between adequate zinc status and skeletal health. In postmenopausal women, adding zinc together with copper and manganese to calcium supplementation better preserved spinal bone density than calcium alone. Zinc is also extensively investigated as a local implant-surface modifier because of its osteogenic properties.

Strause et al., Journal of Nutrition, 1994 · DOI

 15 mg
Copper i

Why it’s included

Copper is required by lysyl oxidase, an enzyme responsible for cross-linking collagen fibres and strengthening the organic bone matrix.

Evidence

In postmenopausal women, supplementation with calcium plus copper, zinc and manganese prevented spinal bone loss more effectively than calcium alone, supporting the importance of trace minerals alongside calcium. The study does not establish an independent effect of copper.

Strause et al., Journal of Nutrition, 1994 · DOI

 1 mg
Manganese i

Why it’s included

Manganese acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in proteoglycan production, extracellular-matrix formation and antioxidant defence.

Evidence

A randomized nutritional study showed that calcium combined with manganese, zinc and copper better maintained spinal bone density than calcium alone in postmenopausal women. Direct oral supplementation studies evaluating manganese during dental implant healing are not yet available.

Strause et al., Journal of Nutrition, 1994 · DOI

 1 mg
Boron i

Why it’s included

Boron influences calcium, magnesium and vitamin-D metabolism and may contribute to bone formation and mineral homeostasis.

Bone & implant evidence

Human nutritional evidence suggests an effect of boron on mineral metabolism, although clinical evidence for increased BMD remains limited. Interestingly, implant research provides additional biological support: in an in-vivo sheep model, boronized titanium surfaces were investigated for their effects on peri-implant bone healing and osseointegration.

Witek et al., Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 2020 · DOI

 3 mg

Cellular & Regenerative Support

Choline i

Why it’s included

Choline supports cell-membrane formation and one-carbon metabolism and appears to be linked to skeletal metabolism and bone maintenance.

Evidence

In the population-based Hordaland Health Study, higher dietary choline intake was directly associated with greater bone mineral density. A separate prospective analysis found that low circulating choline was associated with a higher risk of hip fracture.

Øyen et al., Journal of Nutrition, 2017 · DOI

 100 mg
Citrulline i

Why it’s included

Citrulline increases systemic arginine availability and supports nitric-oxide production — pathways involved in angiogenesis and bone regeneration.

Bone-regeneration evidence

In an experimental fracture model, citrulline supplementation enhanced fracture healing, providing stronger regenerative evidence than BMD association alone. More recent molecular research confirmed that citrulline alters metabolic pathways involved in bone repair. Dental implant and GBR trials in humans remain unavailable.

Meesters et al., European Cells & Materials, 2020 · DOI
Nauta et al., Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2024 · DOI

 3.0 g

Why these nutrients?

Bone regeneration is a coordinated biological process. Before newly formed bone can mineralise, osteoblasts must first produce an organic extracellular matrix dominated by type I collagen.

Collagen, silicon, vitamin C, copper and MSM support different aspects of this structural matrix. Calcium and phosphate are subsequently incorporated into the matrix as hydroxyapatite. Vitamin D supports calcium and phosphate availability and normal bone mineralisation, while magnesium, vitamin K2, zinc, manganese and boron support complementary processes involved in bone metabolism, matrix maturation and mineralisation.

At the same time, regenerating tissue requires vascularisation and metabolically active cells. Choline and citrulline were included to complement the structural and mineral components by supporting cellular and vascular biology.

The result is a formulation designed around the different biological requirements of bone healing rather than a single isolated nutrient.

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